Evolutionary History: The Discovered Markings on Fossilized Neanderthal Remains Shed Light on Their Ancient Customs
A groundbreaking study published in Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology on July 17, 2023, sheds light on the social and cultural complexities of Neanderthals during the Middle Paleolithic era. The research, conducted by Anaëlle Jallon, a doctoral student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Institute of Archaeology, focuses on the Amud and Kebara caves in northern Israel, where Neanderthals once thrived around 50,000 to 60,000 years ago.
The study reveals that despite being geographically close and using similar tools, the two Neanderthal groups exhibited distinct differences in their butchery techniques. These differences, as interpreted by Jallon, are evidence of cultural practices among Neanderthals.
The analysis of cut marks on animal bones from both caves shows variations in the density and layout of these marks. These differences suggest that each group may have developed unique methods for processing carcasses, possibly passed down through generations, indicative of localized food traditions.
The incisions on gazelle bones in Amud cave are numerous and overlap, suggesting a more chaotic cutting process. In contrast, the incisions in Kebara cave are cleaner, with fewer flint strikes, indicating a more precise butchery method.
Jallon measured the depth, thickness, and angle of the incisions on all the bones to draw these conclusions. The study, however, does not confirm whether these differences are the result of geographical factors or cultural traditions.
The findings support the idea that tradition may have been a concept among Neanderthal groups during the Paleolithic. This challenges the traditional view of Neanderthals as purely practical beings, highlighting instead their capacity for cultural complexity and tradition.
It's important to note that the study does not provide evidence of direct communication or interaction between the Neanderthal groups at Amud and Kebara. However, the diversity in butchery techniques between these two neighboring groups indicates that Neanderthals may not have been purely driven by efficiency but instead were influenced by cultural or social factors.
This research offers a fascinating insight into the social and cultural lives of Neanderthals, adding a new layer to our understanding of these early human relatives. As we continue to uncover more about their behaviour, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity and diversity of human history.
The study led by Anaëlle Jallon hints at the existence of French scientific research, as she is a doctoral student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a renowned academic institution. Furthermore, in the realm of medical-conditions and technology, this research could potentially open doors to understanding the factors influencing Neanderthal behavior, such as cultural practices or social factors, during the Middle Paleolithic era.
